Civilizations
This new grouping of people allowed for accomplishments that were previously impossible.
Why was it impossible before? Remember Maslows
Now that people had other areas in which to focus their talents and efforts into other areas like construction projects and other city improvements.
Skilled Laborers
If you weren’t needed to grow crops, to feel important to the group you had to focus your efforts in other areas.
People began learning new skills and began trading with other nearby civilizations.
Mutual Exchange
Cultural Diffusion
While traveling to different areas to trade goods and services, cultures began to mix.
This exchange of ideas is called cultural diffusion.
You took the experiences you have and the knowledge you gain and apply it to your homeland to make it the best it can be.
River Valley Civilizations
These were the first civilizations to move into and then out of the Stone Age.
They began making crude tools out of stone to make the work easier.
They moved on to metal tools soon after.
What makes metal tools superior to stone?
The first metal tools were bronze and easily damaged. Later switched to iron.
Family & Religion
1st evidence of gender-specific roles.
Women managed the family:
Cared for children
Cooked/prepared food
Made clothing
Prior to the invention of the plow, women were heavily involved in farming as well.
Family & Religion
People were polytheistic in their beliefs.
They believed these gods were responsible for all the things around them.
They prayed and offered sacrifices to these gods, hoping to gain their favor.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
What key feature is necessary for a civilization to thrive?
Nearly all of the great ancient civilizations were located directly next to or within close proximity to water.
Nile River floods 2x per year, providing the surrounding area with VERY fertile farm land.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Farmers would dig canals from the river to their farmland, this lead to their ability to produce a surplus of crops.
Also, the weather in the area was conducive to year-round growing.
Also, the natural geographical barriers surrounding the area protected them from invasion.
Egyptian Kingdoms
The Nile Civilization split into two separate kingdoms: Upper & Lower Egypt.
After 3200 BC, King Menes united the two into one kingdom and founded a dynasty.
What’s a dynasty?
Royal, ruling family. Power is passed down from generation to generation.
Is that a fair and just way to decide power?
The Egyptian Dynasty
Divided into three time periods:
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
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