Thursday, November 15, 2012
Unit 4 Notes--Exam Tomorrow!
The 1st Americans
It is believed that the first “Americans” came to North America by crossing the Bering Land Bridge.
Between 35K and 8K years ago, these people followed animal herds across the land bridge.
They worked their way down from present day Alaska all the way to MesoAmerica (Mexico & Central America)
The 1st Americans
Creation Myths
Many of the North American people created their own creation myths in order to explain their existence.
Similar stories are found in cultures throughout the world.
Most of them were passed down orally, but a few were written down.
These creation stories help scholars to understand what core values each culture had.
Development of Agriculture
1st settlers were hunter-gatherers
Originally hunted bison and mastadons
About 11,000 years ago, climate changes melted the glaciers and the rising water levels covered up the land bridge.
The climate change caused the extinction of these large animal species.
This forced people to make vegetables/grains to be a staple of their diet.
Farming developed very slowly
The plow wasn’t seen in North America for 1,000 years after it was first invented in Europe.
A steady food supply allowed for permanent settlements and lead to a growth in population.
Cultures of North America
Even though most early Americans can trace their lineage back to Asia, they created many VERY different cultures
These cultures were typically structured around the geography of the area.
Cultures of the Northwest
Fared pretty well due to the most soil
Relied on fishing in the Pacific Ocean
Expert weavers and wood workers.
Created totem poles
POTLACHES-social gatherings where the cillage leader would display their material goods (tools, blankets, etc) and give them away to their visitors
Cultures of the Southwest
HOHOKAMS settled in the area of present-day Arizona. Dates back to 300-500AD
Flourished as farmers because of the extensive irrigation work.
Grew beans, corn, and cotton
Around 1300s/1400s climate changes forced them to abandon their communities.
PUEBLO built permanent settlement using adobe.
Great Plains
Great Plains = area between Rocky Mts and Mississippi River
Great Plains people hunted the huge herd of buffalo
No horses at the time, so they hunted on foot.
Would spook the herd and try to get them to run off a cliff-also built corrals to herd the buffalo into a confined space.
They used the buffalo for a variety of things:
ate its meat
used its hide for clothing & shelter (teepees, etc)
Used the buffalo bones for making tools
The buffalo was considered sacred and was the focal point of their religion.
Held ceremonies before the hunts
Gave thanks afterwards for their kills
They were eventually pushed out by prolonged drought and invading groups form the north.
Eastern Woodlands
Stretched from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean.
The most sophisticated cultures of the time period where found here.
The HOPEWELL settled in present-day Ohio.
left behind many earthen mounds-some in the shapes of animals (probably used as tombs)
Very skilled artists and craftsmen
evident in their jewelry, tools, and weapons
The diversity of these items showed evidence of a very complex trade network throughout the area.
Eastern Woodlands
The MISSISSIPPIANS (700 AD to 1550)
lived along the Miss. River in present-day South Carolina
Farming centered around corn
B/C of their farming skills, they were able to build a large, complex civilization.
Large dirt mounds could be seen in the center of their cities (served as temples/trading posts)
Mesoamerican Cultures
By about 1500 BC, the people of this area lived in semi-permanent villages
Within a 500 year period, food surpluses allowed for more permanent cities and trading centers.
OLMECS
earliest known culture in the area-lasted about 800 years beginning in 1200 BC
Had a small, elite upper class and a VERY large lower class composed of farmers
Elite held political, religious, and military power
Worshipped a god that was part human, part jaguar.
OLMECS
left behind at least 15 giant stone heads carved from basalt.
Brought in from at least 50 miles away-each weighed 40 tons.
The ability to move an object of that size over a long distance points to an advanced society with mathematical and engineering knowledge.
The Maya
The most advanced culture in Mesoamerica.
Occupied the Yucatan Peninsula
Skilled architects and engineers
Studied astronomy and created the concept of zero.
Farming techniques wore out the soil (no crop rotation)
Toltecs (800 AD)
invaded central America from the north.
Ruled by a small military class
Built pyramid-shaped buildings
Introduced metal working to the region
Practiced human sacrifice to appease their god.
Aztecs
A group of wandering warriors that settled on an island they named Tenochtitlan.
Gradually conquered all of central Mexico
All conquered people had to pay taxes to the Aztecs
Tenochtitlan grew into a great city-including pyramids, market places and palaces
By 1400 it had over 200,000 residents
Absorbed many of the traditions/customs of the people they conquered.
Use of mathematics, metal working, pottery, etc
Farmed on chinapas
raised fields made with mud taken from the lakes and rivers (still seen today in the area)
Militaristic Society that gave fortune and fame to its warriors
Believed that the sun god was in constant struggle with the forces of darkness (evil)
They fed the sun god human sacrifices each night to give him the strength to rise and fight again the next day.
Warfare allowed them the captives to use in sacrifice.
Their empire expanded rapidly, but declined quickly as well.
The conquered people they treated so poorly eventually rebelled and crushed the empire.
The Inca
Grew during the same time period as the Aztec, but were located in South America
Worshipped the sun and the moon-called themselves children of the sun.
Inca emperor had absolute power
Inca built fortresses, irrigation systems, and paved roads.
Runners would carry important messages from city to city in a relay system
The Inca
Stored surplus crops in store houses spread across the empire.
Used them to feed their people in times of drought or crop failure.
Never developed a system of writing, but came up with QUIPU-a series of knots on parallel strings.
Used them to store important information
Population #s and crop information
The Inca
The Inca had advanced medical skills
Used anesthesia during procedures and even performed brain surgeries.
Thursday, October 11, 2012
Unit 2 Exam Review
Unit 2 Exam on Monday, October 15th
DON'T FORGET TO STUDY!!!!!!!
Unit 2 Exam Review
You need to identify the following people/cultures:
Minoans
Mycenaeans
Homer
Oracles
Themistocles
Leonidas
Xerxes
Pericles
Plato
Socrates
Aristotle
Alexander the Great
Archimedes
Helots
You need to be able to describe the following events:
Battle of Thermopylae
Peloponnesian War
Trojan War
How Greeks Voted
Vocabulary Terms
phalanx
philosophy
dramas
golden age
democracy (both kids)
ethics
Whatever questions you missed on the quiz-need to be corrected now and turned in with your exam review as well as your Video packets.
STUDY
Thursday, October 4, 2012
In Case You Missed It: Greece-Engineering an Empire
The following is the link to the video that we watched portions of in class.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecw&feature=youtube_gdata_player
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOicwRXjecw&feature=youtube_gdata_player
Friday, September 28, 2012
Greece Notes for Monday, October, 1st
•Unit 2 – The “Classical Era” in the West Greece
•Quote of the Day
•“No person was ever honored for what they received. Honor has been the reward for what they gave”
»Calvin Coolidge
•The Glory of Greece
•The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete from 2000B.C. to 1400 B.C.
•The Minoans developed their own form of writing, used copper & bronze, & were skilled at shipbuilding. (Successful traders)
•The Minoan civilization mysteriously collapsed around 1400 B.C.
•The second ancient Greek civilization thrived around Mycenae & the coast of Asia Minor from 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C.
–(Possibly when the Trojan War took place.)
–(Between Mycenae & Troy.)
•At this time the Dorians, a group of people from northern Greece, conquered the Greek mainland.
The Geography of Greece
•Ancient Greece consisted of a large mountainous peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea, & the coast of present-day Turkey.
•Because of Greece’s hilly terrain, farming the land was quite difficult. (20% farmland)
•Much of Greece is stony & suitable only for pasture.
The Geography of Greece
•Its people came to rely on trade. (Became skilled sailors.)
•Greeks produce wine, olive oil, & pottery, which they traded with other peoples of the Mediterranean.
•Through these contacts, the Greeks became exposed to key achievements of other ancient civilizations, such as the alphabet, a way of writing, invented by the Phoenicians.
The Rise of the Greek City-State
•Mountains & the sea caused Greek centers of population to be cut off from one another.
•As a result, separate city-states developed, each with its own form of government & system of laws.
•In Greek, the word for city-states was polis.
The Rise of the Greek City-State
•At the same time, Greeks also shared in a common culture based on:
–Their language
–Traditions
–Close economic ties
–Religious beliefs
The Rise of the Greek City-State
–Religious beliefs
•All Greeks believed in the same gods & goddesses.
–Zeus, Athena, Apollo, etc…
–Believed to live on Mount Olympus
•Citizens from all the Greek city-states participated every four years in Olympic games in honor of Zeus & the other Greek gods.
•The Greeks believed their gods were pleased by strong, graceful human bodies.
Military Sparta
•One of the most important city-states was Sparta.
•Sparta is located in the southeastern part of Greece, called the Peloponnesus.
•In 725 B.C., the Spartans conquered their neighbors.
•They forced these people known as helots, to farm for them.
•The Spartans constantly had to use force to maintain control over the helots.
•Due to this threat, life in Sparta was organized around military needs.
•Individualism & new ideas were discouraged.
•Strict obedience & self-discipline were valued.
–For example, if a newborn Spartan baby was found to be unhealthy, it was left on a hillside to die.
Democratic Athens
•The city-state of Athens developed a unique system of government.
•Every citizen could participate in government directly by voting on issues to be decided by the city-state.
•The main governing body of Athens was the Citizens Assembly.
–It was open to all citizens, but only the first 5,000 or so citizens who gathered could attend its meetings.
–It met regularly, at least ten times a year.
–The assembly directed foreign policy & made laws for Athens.
•The Glory of Greece
•Citizens who served on a council, jury, or a magistrate were paid a reimbursement for lost earnings.
–This ensured that even poor citizens could participate in government.
•This type of government, which Athens was the first to introduce, is known as a democracy.
Democratic Athens
•In a democracy, ordinary citizens participate in government, either directly or by elected representatives.
•Democracy means “rule of the people” in Greek.
•In Athens, only a minority of city residents were actually citizens.
–Women, foreigners, & slaves were not citizens & could not participate in government.
The Golden Age of Greek Culture
•In the 5th century B.C., the Persian Empire tried to conquer the Greek city-states.
–Surprisingly, the Persians failed.
•After the war, the Greeks enjoyed a “Golden Age.”
•Pericles championed democracy.
•He collected revenues from other city-states to rebuild Athens.
•Arts, literature, & philosophy all flourished.
Philosophy
•The Greek believed that human reason was powerful enough to understand the world & to solve its problem.
•A series of three philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) asked important questions & tried to find answers.
Philosophy
•Socrates questioned his students about the
use of moral terms: What is goodness? What is morality & justice?
–In 399 B.C., Socrates’ enemies persuaded the Athenian Council to condemn Socrates to death for corrupting the young.
•Plato was Socrates’ most famous student, took Socrates’ method of questioning a step further.
–He concluded that values like goodness, beauty, & justice actually exist as independent ideas that are more real than the changing “appearances” we see in daily life.
–In The Rebublic, Plato described an ideal city-state ruled by philosopher kings.
–He defined justice as the rule of reason over appetite (our desires).
•Aristotle, Plato’s most famous student, was less concerned with abstract concepts.
–Aristotle collected & classified things from animals to city-state constitutions, & studied their relationships.
Art & Architecture
•Greek sculptors & architects tried to design statues & buildings with ideal proportions.
•Greek Buildings & statues were not the white marble you see in museums today.
–They were brightly painted with bold colors
•The Parthenon, a splendid marble temple with beautiful columns, was constructed on a hill known as the Acropolis.
–Inside was a giant statue of Athena, patron goddess of the city.
Science & Mathematics
•Eratosthenes, a geographer, showed the Earth was round & calculated its circumference.
–He created a device (sieve) for discovering all prime numbers up to any limit.
Acrhimedes is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of antiquity.
–His contributions in geometry revolutionized the subject.
–He studied levers & pulleys, measured volume & density, designed catapults, & invented a large screw-like device inside a cylinder to pump water.
Peloponnesian Wars (432 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
•A rivalry soon developed between Athens & Sparta.
•The Athenians had used their power to force some other city-states to pay them taxes.
•Sparta finally declared was on Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars.
•After 30 years of fighting, Sparta emerged as the victor.
•The Peloponnesian Wars greatly weakened the Greek city-states.
–The economic costs were considerable.
–Poverty became widespread.
–Athens was completely devastated.
–Sparta emerged as the leading city-state.
Women in Ancient Greece
•In ancient Greece, men generally regarded women as inferior & excluded them from public life.
•Women managed the home, subject to their husband’s will.
•Spartan women enjoyed greater status than elsewhere in Greece.
•Many were given an education & physical training.
•Athenian women could own clothing & slaves, but they could not own land or enter contracts.
Alexander the Great
•In 338 B.C., the King of Macedonia, an area located north of Greece, brought all the Greek city-states under his control.
•His son, Alexander the Great, was taught by Aristotle.
•He went on to conquer most of the Mediterranean world, including Persia & Egypt.
•His conquests took him as far as the Indus River Valley.
•However, Alexander died at a young age, & his empire quickly fell apart.
Hellenistic Age
•Wherever Alexander went, he spread the Greek culture.
•His followers also absorbed Eastern ideas & styles.
•Hellenistic culture refers to the fusion of Greek culture with the cultures of the Middle East & India.
•The greatest Hellenistic achievements were in mathematics & science.
•Alexander’s construction of a great library at Alexandria encouraged scholarship.
•Hellenistic sculptors aimed at more emotional representations in art.
•Statues of the heads of ordinary people with their imperfections became common during this period.
•Many wealthy members of society, including women, began to study philosophy & to attend lectures of popular philosophers.
•Review
Ancient Greek Achievements Democracy
•Athens developed the first known democratic government.
–A system in which citizens take part in government.
Art & Architecture
•The Greek ideal of beauty was based on harmony & proportion.
•In architecture, the Greeks built temples with beautiful columns, such as the Parthenon in Athens.
Science & Mathematics
•Key advances were made by Pythagoras, Euclid, & Archimedes.
Lecture & History
•The Greeks developed the first known dramas & historical writings.
Philosophy
•Greeks believed in the dignity of the individual.
•Through the use of reason, they believed humans could understand how the world worked.
•Greek Philosophers included Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle.
•Quote of the Day
•“No person was ever honored for what they received. Honor has been the reward for what they gave”
»Calvin Coolidge
•The Glory of Greece
•The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of Crete from 2000B.C. to 1400 B.C.
•The Minoans developed their own form of writing, used copper & bronze, & were skilled at shipbuilding. (Successful traders)
•The Minoan civilization mysteriously collapsed around 1400 B.C.
•The second ancient Greek civilization thrived around Mycenae & the coast of Asia Minor from 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C.
–(Possibly when the Trojan War took place.)
–(Between Mycenae & Troy.)
•At this time the Dorians, a group of people from northern Greece, conquered the Greek mainland.
The Geography of Greece
•Ancient Greece consisted of a large mountainous peninsula, the islands of the Aegean Sea, & the coast of present-day Turkey.
•Because of Greece’s hilly terrain, farming the land was quite difficult. (20% farmland)
•Much of Greece is stony & suitable only for pasture.
The Geography of Greece
•Its people came to rely on trade. (Became skilled sailors.)
•Greeks produce wine, olive oil, & pottery, which they traded with other peoples of the Mediterranean.
•Through these contacts, the Greeks became exposed to key achievements of other ancient civilizations, such as the alphabet, a way of writing, invented by the Phoenicians.
The Rise of the Greek City-State
•Mountains & the sea caused Greek centers of population to be cut off from one another.
•As a result, separate city-states developed, each with its own form of government & system of laws.
•In Greek, the word for city-states was polis.
The Rise of the Greek City-State
•At the same time, Greeks also shared in a common culture based on:
–Their language
–Traditions
–Close economic ties
–Religious beliefs
The Rise of the Greek City-State
–Religious beliefs
•All Greeks believed in the same gods & goddesses.
–Zeus, Athena, Apollo, etc…
–Believed to live on Mount Olympus
•Citizens from all the Greek city-states participated every four years in Olympic games in honor of Zeus & the other Greek gods.
•The Greeks believed their gods were pleased by strong, graceful human bodies.
Military Sparta
•One of the most important city-states was Sparta.
•Sparta is located in the southeastern part of Greece, called the Peloponnesus.
•In 725 B.C., the Spartans conquered their neighbors.
•They forced these people known as helots, to farm for them.
•The Spartans constantly had to use force to maintain control over the helots.
•Due to this threat, life in Sparta was organized around military needs.
•Individualism & new ideas were discouraged.
•Strict obedience & self-discipline were valued.
–For example, if a newborn Spartan baby was found to be unhealthy, it was left on a hillside to die.
Democratic Athens
•The city-state of Athens developed a unique system of government.
•Every citizen could participate in government directly by voting on issues to be decided by the city-state.
•The main governing body of Athens was the Citizens Assembly.
–It was open to all citizens, but only the first 5,000 or so citizens who gathered could attend its meetings.
–It met regularly, at least ten times a year.
–The assembly directed foreign policy & made laws for Athens.
•The Glory of Greece
•Citizens who served on a council, jury, or a magistrate were paid a reimbursement for lost earnings.
–This ensured that even poor citizens could participate in government.
•This type of government, which Athens was the first to introduce, is known as a democracy.
Democratic Athens
•In a democracy, ordinary citizens participate in government, either directly or by elected representatives.
•Democracy means “rule of the people” in Greek.
•In Athens, only a minority of city residents were actually citizens.
–Women, foreigners, & slaves were not citizens & could not participate in government.
The Golden Age of Greek Culture
•In the 5th century B.C., the Persian Empire tried to conquer the Greek city-states.
–Surprisingly, the Persians failed.
•After the war, the Greeks enjoyed a “Golden Age.”
•Pericles championed democracy.
•He collected revenues from other city-states to rebuild Athens.
•Arts, literature, & philosophy all flourished.
Philosophy
•The Greek believed that human reason was powerful enough to understand the world & to solve its problem.
•A series of three philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) asked important questions & tried to find answers.
Philosophy
•Socrates questioned his students about the
use of moral terms: What is goodness? What is morality & justice?
–In 399 B.C., Socrates’ enemies persuaded the Athenian Council to condemn Socrates to death for corrupting the young.
•Plato was Socrates’ most famous student, took Socrates’ method of questioning a step further.
–He concluded that values like goodness, beauty, & justice actually exist as independent ideas that are more real than the changing “appearances” we see in daily life.
–In The Rebublic, Plato described an ideal city-state ruled by philosopher kings.
–He defined justice as the rule of reason over appetite (our desires).
•Aristotle, Plato’s most famous student, was less concerned with abstract concepts.
–Aristotle collected & classified things from animals to city-state constitutions, & studied their relationships.
Art & Architecture
•Greek sculptors & architects tried to design statues & buildings with ideal proportions.
•Greek Buildings & statues were not the white marble you see in museums today.
–They were brightly painted with bold colors
•The Parthenon, a splendid marble temple with beautiful columns, was constructed on a hill known as the Acropolis.
–Inside was a giant statue of Athena, patron goddess of the city.
Science & Mathematics
•Eratosthenes, a geographer, showed the Earth was round & calculated its circumference.
–He created a device (sieve) for discovering all prime numbers up to any limit.
Acrhimedes is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of antiquity.
–His contributions in geometry revolutionized the subject.
–He studied levers & pulleys, measured volume & density, designed catapults, & invented a large screw-like device inside a cylinder to pump water.
Peloponnesian Wars (432 B.C. – 404 B.C.)
•A rivalry soon developed between Athens & Sparta.
•The Athenians had used their power to force some other city-states to pay them taxes.
•Sparta finally declared was on Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars.
•After 30 years of fighting, Sparta emerged as the victor.
•The Peloponnesian Wars greatly weakened the Greek city-states.
–The economic costs were considerable.
–Poverty became widespread.
–Athens was completely devastated.
–Sparta emerged as the leading city-state.
Women in Ancient Greece
•In ancient Greece, men generally regarded women as inferior & excluded them from public life.
•Women managed the home, subject to their husband’s will.
•Spartan women enjoyed greater status than elsewhere in Greece.
•Many were given an education & physical training.
•Athenian women could own clothing & slaves, but they could not own land or enter contracts.
Alexander the Great
•In 338 B.C., the King of Macedonia, an area located north of Greece, brought all the Greek city-states under his control.
•His son, Alexander the Great, was taught by Aristotle.
•He went on to conquer most of the Mediterranean world, including Persia & Egypt.
•His conquests took him as far as the Indus River Valley.
•However, Alexander died at a young age, & his empire quickly fell apart.
Hellenistic Age
•Wherever Alexander went, he spread the Greek culture.
•His followers also absorbed Eastern ideas & styles.
•Hellenistic culture refers to the fusion of Greek culture with the cultures of the Middle East & India.
•The greatest Hellenistic achievements were in mathematics & science.
•Alexander’s construction of a great library at Alexandria encouraged scholarship.
•Hellenistic sculptors aimed at more emotional representations in art.
•Statues of the heads of ordinary people with their imperfections became common during this period.
•Many wealthy members of society, including women, began to study philosophy & to attend lectures of popular philosophers.
•Review
Ancient Greek Achievements Democracy
•Athens developed the first known democratic government.
–A system in which citizens take part in government.
Art & Architecture
•The Greek ideal of beauty was based on harmony & proportion.
•In architecture, the Greeks built temples with beautiful columns, such as the Parthenon in Athens.
Science & Mathematics
•Key advances were made by Pythagoras, Euclid, & Archimedes.
Lecture & History
•The Greeks developed the first known dramas & historical writings.
Philosophy
•Greeks believed in the dignity of the individual.
•Through the use of reason, they believed humans could understand how the world worked.
•Greek Philosophers included Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle.
Thursday, September 20, 2012
Wednesday, September 19, 2012
Textbook Scavenger Hunt: Islam
We are introducing the world religions this week in class. Today we will be focusing on Islam. Students need to answer the following questions.
Islam Textbook Scavenger Hunt
IMPORTANT REMINDER!
When we are discussing religions in class we will only focus on the following things: its history, its beliefs, and how the religion has impacted the world. We will NOT discuss or share our personal beliefs or opinions of the religions.
We will be covering: Islam, Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Confucianism.
It is important to understand the major religions in order to be a more informed citizen of the world. It helps you understand why religious groups act they way they do and to understand what motivates them.
Islam Textbook Scavenger Hunt
- Not all Muslims are Terrorists. Not all terrorists are Muslim.
- Importance of Abraham:
- List & Explain the five pillars of Islam.
- What are their holy places?
- What is the holy book?
- Who was Muhammad?
- How did they spread their religion?
- What is Ramadan?
- What are the two different types of Muslims?
- How do they treat/view women?
Friday, September 14, 2012
REMINDER! POSTER PROJECT DUE MONDAY!!!
DON'T FORGET THAT YOUR CODE OF HAMMURABI POSTER PROJECTS ARE DUE ON MONDAY.
The project information sheet is posted below.
Unit 1 Exam Review
Unit 1 Exam Review
Key Terms:
Key People:
Key Ideas:
Key Terms:
- domestication
- agriculture
- hunter-gatherers
- Civilization
- artisans
- cultural diffusion
- hieroglyphics
- empire
- polytheism
- monotheism
- mummification
- caravans
- barter
- irrigation
Key People:
- Hatshepsut
- Amenhotep IV
- The Hyksos
- Scribes
- Abraham
- David
- Sargon
Key Ideas:
- Neolithic Revolution
- Pyramid Building
- 3 Characteristics of a civilization
- Invention of the plow
- Stone Age
- Bronze Age
- Rise and fall of the Egyptian Kingdoms
- Egyptian Farming
- Egyptian Social Classes
- 10 Commandments
Monday, September 10, 2012
Code of Hammurabi Poster Project
Code of Hammurabi
Poster Project
Directions:
Using your knowledge of Hammurabi’s Code and the basic structure of emerging societies, create your own code of law. Your code of law would be for modern day America. Your code of law must address at least the following issues:
Roles of men
Roles of women
Roles of children
Religion
Government
Agriculture
Crime & punishments
Buying & selling of property
Marriage/divorce
Education
You have to write this code of law as if there were absolutely no laws in place today. Also, you must give a 1 or 2 sentence explanation as to why each law is necessary and how it benefits the people as a whole. Your justifications need to be turned in as an attachment to your poster
There must be at least 30 entries in your Code.
Title your Code “Code of _________________” Fill in the blank with your name.
Code is due on MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17TH.
Your code will need to be able to be displayed just like Hammurabi’s was. You will need to write your code down on posterboard (no larger than ½ of a sheet).
Again, we will not be working on this in class, so make sure you are steadily working on it at home!!!!!
Poster Project
Directions:
Using your knowledge of Hammurabi’s Code and the basic structure of emerging societies, create your own code of law. Your code of law would be for modern day America. Your code of law must address at least the following issues:
Roles of men
Roles of women
Roles of children
Religion
Government
Agriculture
Crime & punishments
Buying & selling of property
Marriage/divorce
Education
You have to write this code of law as if there were absolutely no laws in place today. Also, you must give a 1 or 2 sentence explanation as to why each law is necessary and how it benefits the people as a whole. Your justifications need to be turned in as an attachment to your poster
There must be at least 30 entries in your Code.
Title your Code “Code of _________________” Fill in the blank with your name.
Code is due on MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 17TH.
We will not work on the code in class – it will have to be done on your own time.
Your code will need to be able to be displayed just like Hammurabi’s was. You will need to write your code down on posterboard (no larger than ½ of a sheet).
Again, we will not be working on this in class, so make sure you are steadily working on it at home!!!!!
Thursday, September 6, 2012
Ancient Civilizations PPT
Click the link below to access the entire powerpoint online.
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B7xQN7GyomHPTnl3THI0Yi1YNWM
Wednesday, September 5th Notes
The Old Kingdom
Huge construction projects took place during this time.
The Sphinx and the early pyramids
Egyptian people were split into two social classes.
Lower Class (Peasants & Farmers)
Required to serve in the army and work on construction projects
Upper Class (Pharoah, Royal Family, Priests, Scribes, and Government Officials)
The Old Kingdom
The Upper Class controlled all the decision-making for the Egyptian people, even though they were only a small percentage of the total population.
The Old Kingdom
By the end of the Old Kingdom, the Pharaoh began to lose power to the nobles.
This lead to a series of civil wars between Egyptians loyal to the Pharaoh and those loyal to the nobles.
The Middle Kingdom
After the civil wars, a new line of Pharaohs came to power and re-united Egypt.
This is called the “Golden Age of Egypt”
The Middle Kingdom
During this time, the Hyksos people from Asia invaded Egypt.
They fought with chariots and other tools of war.
Their victory over the Egyptians marked the end of the Middle Kingdom.
The New Kingdom
Eventually, the Egyptians were able to regroup and drive out the Hyksos people.
They created a powerful army using the technology brought by the Hyksos.
Acquired large amounts of new land-expanding the Empire.
Empire
Form of government in which an individual or small ruling class rules over many people and their territories.
Hatshepsut
1st Female Pharaoh
Shared power with her young son.
Amenhotep IV
Brought monotheism to Egypt.
Believed in only the sun god.
People heavily resisted this practice and quickly return to polytheism.
Decline of Egypt
A series of weak Pharaohs signaled the end of the Egyptian Empire.
Eventually the Assyrians, Nubians, and Persians conquered them.
Tuesday, September 4, 2012
Notes from Friday, August 31, 2012
Civilizations
This new grouping of people allowed for accomplishments that were previously impossible.
Why was it impossible before? Remember Maslows
Now that people had other areas in which to focus their talents and efforts into other areas like construction projects and other city improvements.
Skilled Laborers
If you weren’t needed to grow crops, to feel important to the group you had to focus your efforts in other areas.
People began learning new skills and began trading with other nearby civilizations.
Mutual Exchange
Cultural Diffusion
While traveling to different areas to trade goods and services, cultures began to mix.
This exchange of ideas is called cultural diffusion.
You took the experiences you have and the knowledge you gain and apply it to your homeland to make it the best it can be.
River Valley Civilizations
These were the first civilizations to move into and then out of the Stone Age.
They began making crude tools out of stone to make the work easier.
They moved on to metal tools soon after.
What makes metal tools superior to stone?
The first metal tools were bronze and easily damaged. Later switched to iron.
Family & Religion
1st evidence of gender-specific roles.
Women managed the family:
Cared for children
Cooked/prepared food
Made clothing
Prior to the invention of the plow, women were heavily involved in farming as well.
Family & Religion
People were polytheistic in their beliefs.
They believed these gods were responsible for all the things around them.
They prayed and offered sacrifices to these gods, hoping to gain their favor.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
What key feature is necessary for a civilization to thrive?
Nearly all of the great ancient civilizations were located directly next to or within close proximity to water.
Nile River floods 2x per year, providing the surrounding area with VERY fertile farm land.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Farmers would dig canals from the river to their farmland, this lead to their ability to produce a surplus of crops.
Also, the weather in the area was conducive to year-round growing.
Also, the natural geographical barriers surrounding the area protected them from invasion.
Egyptian Kingdoms
The Nile Civilization split into two separate kingdoms: Upper & Lower Egypt.
After 3200 BC, King Menes united the two into one kingdom and founded a dynasty.
What’s a dynasty?
Royal, ruling family. Power is passed down from generation to generation.
Is that a fair and just way to decide power?
The Egyptian Dynasty
Divided into three time periods:
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
This new grouping of people allowed for accomplishments that were previously impossible.
Why was it impossible before? Remember Maslows
Now that people had other areas in which to focus their talents and efforts into other areas like construction projects and other city improvements.
Skilled Laborers
If you weren’t needed to grow crops, to feel important to the group you had to focus your efforts in other areas.
People began learning new skills and began trading with other nearby civilizations.
Mutual Exchange
Cultural Diffusion
While traveling to different areas to trade goods and services, cultures began to mix.
This exchange of ideas is called cultural diffusion.
You took the experiences you have and the knowledge you gain and apply it to your homeland to make it the best it can be.
River Valley Civilizations
These were the first civilizations to move into and then out of the Stone Age.
They began making crude tools out of stone to make the work easier.
They moved on to metal tools soon after.
What makes metal tools superior to stone?
The first metal tools were bronze and easily damaged. Later switched to iron.
Family & Religion
1st evidence of gender-specific roles.
Women managed the family:
Cared for children
Cooked/prepared food
Made clothing
Prior to the invention of the plow, women were heavily involved in farming as well.
Family & Religion
People were polytheistic in their beliefs.
They believed these gods were responsible for all the things around them.
They prayed and offered sacrifices to these gods, hoping to gain their favor.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
What key feature is necessary for a civilization to thrive?
Nearly all of the great ancient civilizations were located directly next to or within close proximity to water.
Nile River floods 2x per year, providing the surrounding area with VERY fertile farm land.
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Farmers would dig canals from the river to their farmland, this lead to their ability to produce a surplus of crops.
Also, the weather in the area was conducive to year-round growing.
Also, the natural geographical barriers surrounding the area protected them from invasion.
Egyptian Kingdoms
The Nile Civilization split into two separate kingdoms: Upper & Lower Egypt.
After 3200 BC, King Menes united the two into one kingdom and founded a dynasty.
What’s a dynasty?
Royal, ruling family. Power is passed down from generation to generation.
Is that a fair and just way to decide power?
The Egyptian Dynasty
Divided into three time periods:
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
History Channel's Engineering an Empire.
The video below is what we watched clips of the last few days. If you missed anything, or wanted to finish it-you can watch it here on YouTube.
Thursday, August 30, 2012
Ancient Civilizations Notes or 8/30/2012
Ancient Civilizations
World History
Fall 2012
Ticket To Leave
Quote of the Day:
“Intelligence plus character. That is the goal of true education.” Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr
What does this quote mean to you?
What is your reaction to it?
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological
Focused solely on satisfying the needs of:
Hunger
Thirst
Sleep
Shelter
You’re focusing all your effort on simply trying not to die.
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Safety
Once you’ve figured out how to survive
Now you want to find a safer way to do it.
Build shelter/protection
Social Needs
Once you’ve created a safe environment you’re going to want to join some type social group.
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Esteem
Now that you’ve joined a group-you have the desire to be important within that group.
The desire to be valued by other people.
Self-Actualization
Now that you’re an important part of that group, you want to help others reach the same level & help them reach their goals.
The innate desire to move through these levels is what has driven people to work towards creating new civilizations.
Civilizations
Complex culture with at least the following characteristics:
People are able to produce surplus crops
Established large cities with some type of government.
People performing varied skilled jobs (artisans)
Civilizations
This new grouping of people allowed for accomplishments that were previously impossible.
Why was it impossible before? Remember maslows
Now that people had other areas in which to focus their talents and efforts into other areas like construction projects and other city improvements.
Skilled Laborers
If you weren’t needed to grow crops, to feel important to the group you had to focus your efforts in other areas.
People began learning new skills and began trading with other nearby civilizations.
Mutual Exchange
Cultural Diffusion
While traveling to different areas to trade goods and services, cultures began to mix.
This exchange of ideas is called cultural diffusion.
You took the experiences you have and the knowledge you gain and apply it to your homeland to make it the best it can be.
Wednesday, August 29, 2012
Thanks!
The first two days of class have been great. The students have done an excellent job getting the student/parent information sheet signed and returned to me. If you haven't done so already, make sure I have it by Friday.
We will have our first "Ticket to Leave" tomorrow, so please make sure to have your note card for class. Remember it can be any color as long as it is 3x5.
Wednesday, August 15, 2012
Welcome to the 2012-2013 School Year
Welcome back to school. I will beusing this blog to communicate with both students and parents during the school year. I will place notes, videos, and other information from our class on this page. This will help those students that missed class due to illness or extra curricular activities.
I will also post reminders for homework, projects, etc...
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